Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a rare disorder that affects women. It is characterized by the failure of the uterus and the vagina to develop properly in women who have normal ovarian function and normal external genitalia. Women with this disorder develop normal secondary sexual characteristics during puberty (e.g., breast development and pubic hair), but do not have a menstrual cycle (primary amenorrhea). Often, the failure to begin the menstrual cycle is the initial clinical sign of MRKH syndrome. The range and severity of MRKH syndrome can vary greatly and the disorder is generally broken down into type I, which occurs as an isolated finding, and type II, which occurs with abnormalities of additional organ systems including mainly the kidneys and the skeleton. Because of the nature of the disorder, MRKH syndrome can cause significant psychological challenges and counseling is recommended. The exact cause of MRKH syndrome remains largely unknown, but there is now no doubt of a genetic origin. In this respect, an update on the most recent research publications shows the involvement of several chromosomal segments, some of them including genes likely to account for the disorder.

MURCS (Mullerian duct aplasia-renal agenesis-cervicothoracic somite dysplasia) association also known as mullerian duct aplasia-renal aplasia-cervicothoracic somite dysplasia, often goes unnoticed until females reach their teens, but don't menstruate (amenorrhea). Other signs of puberty usually follow typical female development.

Symptoms include:

1. The genitals look like a typical female.
2. Shortened vagina without a cervix at the end, or absent and marked only by a slight indentation where a vaginal opening would typically be located.
3. Partially-developed to no uterus. If there's tissue lining the uterus (endometrium), monthly cramping or chronic Abdominal pain may occur.
4. Unusually located ovaries. But they may be fully developed and functional. Sometimes the pair of tubes that eggs travel through to get from the ovaries to the uterus (fallopian tubes) are absent or do not develop typically.

Mullerian duct aplasia may also have other symptoms that include:
1. Problems with development of the kidneys and urinary tract
2. Developmental changes in the bones of the spine, ribs and wrists
3. Hearing problems
4. Other congenital conditions that also involve the heart, gastrointestinal tract and limb growth

Symptoms
Abnormality during conceiving,Discomfort during sex,Renal aplasia is the condition where one or both kidneys do not grow while the baby is in the womb- the common symptoms are backward flow of urine, damage of the kidney due to high protein in the kidney, and if one of the kidneys is only present
Conditions
Vagina doesn't develop,Partially developed womb (uterus),Amenorrhea
Drugs
Self-dilation,Surgery

Mullerian Duct Aplasia (mullerian duct aplasia-renal aplasia-cervicothoracic somite dysplasia) is a condition that affects the reproductive system in females.

Causes of Mullerian duct aplasia

1. The cause of this condition can be hereditary or else it can be due to mutation of genes.
2. It is the result of the male excess of androgens i.e., the male hormones in the female body.
3. It is caused because of the development of a Mullerian duct into the uterus and vagina, resulting in an absent or partial vagina, and an absent or partial uterus.
4. Polygenic multifactorial means the interaction of many genes in the development of a disorder with each gene having a small effect on the overall development of the disorder.

Mullerian Duct Aplasia affects the vaginal area as well as the other female reproductive organs in turn.

Renal aplasia

It is a condition wherein there is only one kidney or no kidney present in the baby at the time of birth.

Causes

1. It is a genetic condition.
2. Some causes of this condition can be smoking, drinking, obesity, and certain medications during pregnancy.
3. The father and mother contribute to this condition.
4. When one kidney is absent, the dominant gene, be it the mother or father having the disease, may have inherited it from the child.
5. When both kidneys are absent it is because one of both parents does not have one kidney or has some kidney malformation.

The renal aplasia condition can cause the death of newborns within a few weeks due to the absence of kidneys. It can also cause the death of the baby with one kidney if that one is not functioning properly. There are a few chances and cases that people lead a healthy life with one kidney because as you know even with two very good kidneys, people suffer nowadays with so many conditions.

Symptoms
Abnormality during conceiving,Discomfort during sex,Renal aplasia is the condition where one or both kidneys do not grow while the baby is in the womb- the common symptoms are backward flow of urine, damage of the kidney due to high protein in the kidney, and if one of the kidneys is only present
Conditions
Vagina doesn't develop,Partially developed womb (uterus),Amenorrhea
Drugs
Self-dilation,Surgery

Treatments for Mullerian Duct Aplasia (mullerian duct aplasia-renal aplasia-cervicothoracic somite dysplasia) include:

1. Mullerian duct aplasia can be treated with surgery.
2. The treatment is selected based on the patient’s problem due to the condition.
3. The condition is affecting reproduction, the females are given options like surrogacy or abortion.
4. The surgery is of two types one is vaginal elongation and the other is vaginal dilation, which is more of a therapy.
5. Along with the physical treatments of the condition, mental and emotional counseling is also suggested. Mentally and emotionally ready patients are seen to treat this with more love and care towards themselves. They can treat the condition as well as the effects of it on one’s overall development.
6. Men suffering from persistent Mullerian syndrome can go through surgery to treat this condition.
7. Neovagina and vaginoplasty are types of surgery in this condition that help improve one’s sexual activity.

Treatments for Renal Aplasia:
1. In a unilateral case, the kid usually survives and the treatment provided is the extra steps and care taken to maintain the health of the kidney.
2. Renal aplasia has no treatment for newborns. They only have an option to go on dialysis until the age when the baby is healthy and grown enough to have transplants.
3. As the cause of renal aplasia cannot be avoided it is always advisable to have prenatal genetic testing.

Symptoms
Abnormality during conceiving,Discomfort during sex,Renal aplasia is the condition where one or both kidneys do not grow while the baby is in the womb- the common symptoms are backward flow of urine, damage of the kidney due to high protein in the kidney, and if one of the kidneys is only present
Conditions
Vagina doesn't develop,Partially developed womb (uterus),Amenorrhea
Drugs
Self-dilation,Surgery

Risks in Mullerian Duct Aplasia (mullerian duct aplasia-renal aplasia-cervicothoracic somite dysplasia) include:

1. The Mullerian duct syndrome, not only affects the female physically but they are at risk of being mentally affected by it. The overall confidence of the women is being targeted here.
2. The women have the risk of pregnancy and complications during the same. In some cases, it is not possible for a woman to have a baby and in this case, it is suggested to have surrogacy.
3. These women are also at a higher risk of getting sexually transmitted diseases.
4. The reproductive system of the women is at risk of menstrual complications and also uterus issues which can lead to more risk around sexual activities.
5. The risk of Vaginal Infections is higher.

Risks in renal aplasia:
1. In unilateral aplasia, there is a risk involved in affected urine or backward flow of urine, also it affects the development of the child. The child may not be able to perform some activities like the other kids, to protect the health of the kidney.
2. In bilateral, even when the child chooses to go through dialysis, it is at risk of not being able to complete due to such a young age. .
3. Also if one does have kidney aplasia, and grows up with one kidney fine, there is a risk that they carry the genes of the same to their babies.
4. One also has a risk of high blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and lung disorders.

Symptoms
Abnormality during conceiving,Discomfort during sex,Renal aplasia is the condition where one or both kidneys do not grow while the baby is in the womb- the common symptoms are backward flow of urine, damage of the kidney due to high protein in the kidney, and if one of the kidneys is only present
Conditions
Vagina doesn't develop,Partially developed womb (uterus),Amenorrhea
Drugs
Self-dilation,Surgery

Medications for Mullerian Duct Aplasia (mullerian duct aplasia-renal aplasia-cervicothoracic somite dysplasia):

1. When it comes to treating or curing the Mullerian duct aplasia, one cannot treat it with medication but one uses surgery instead.
2. Vaginal dilatation, vaginoplasty, and vaginal elongation are some of the treatments used.
3. The person is also made to go through some counseling to aid holistic recovery.
4. There are some medications recommended by the doctor for post-surgery effects that might occur in a patient.

Medications for renal aplasia:
1. The unilateral renal aplasia where there is one healthy kidney is present and no treatment or medications is needed. As a person survives with these kidneys just by following some precautions.
2. But if there is no kidney present then the child has to go through the treatment of dialysis until the age when the child is ready for transplants.
3. There are no medications as such which can work alone on this condition.
4. When we talk about renal aplasia, certain drugs should be avoided by the mother during pregnancy as they can prevent this condition and always make sure that the drugs that one consume have no side effects.

Symptoms
Abnormality during conceiving,Discomfort during sex,Renal aplasia is the condition where one or both kidneys do not grow while the baby is in the womb- the common symptoms are backward flow of urine, damage of the kidney due to high protein in the kidney, and if one of the kidneys is only present
Conditions
Vagina doesn't develop,Partially developed womb (uterus),Amenorrhea
Drugs
Self-dilation,Surgery